Animal physiology is the study of how animals work and the biological processes essential for animal life, at levels of organization from membranes to the whole animal. The course focuses on the physiological function and regulation of the vertebrate from a holistic and comparative perspective, including cell physiology, organ physiology and system physiology. The physiological processes, regulation and mechanisms of blood, circulation, respiration, digestion, excretion, nervous, endocrine and reproduction are explained. Animal Physiology will assist in understanding the nature of life activities, promoting the protection of animal resources, improving the reproduction of animals, and achieving the sustainable development of animal farming.

Master the basic knowledge of animal physiology, comprehend the meaning of life activities, and promote the thinking on life.

The basic knowledge of biology.

1.  Xiuping Yang, Xianghong Xiao, Dapeng Li. Animal physiology. 3th Ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2016.

2. Schmidt-Nielsen K. Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment. 5th Ed. NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

3. Randall D, Burggren W, French K. Eckert Animal Physiology: Mechanisms and Adaptations. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1998.

4. https://www.icourses.cn/coursestatic/course_2684.html