Microbiology_Huazhong Agricultural University

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Microbiology

开课时间： 2023年02月25日 ~ 2023年06月30日

学时安排： 3-5小时

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spContent=There is a world of microorganisms on earth that is hard to see with our eyes. It has a long history, but the individual is small, and it was not seen by humans through a microscope until the mid-17th century. Small microbes contain huge energy, they are everywhere and omnipotent. They are both "angels" and "devils". If you are interested, please join the "Microbiology" course and explore the mysteries of "Little People" together.

There is a world of microorganisms on earth that is hard to see with our eyes. It has a long history, but the individual is small, and it was not seen by humans through a microscope until the mid-17th century. Small microbes contain huge energy, they are everywhere and omnipotent. They are both "angels" and "devils". If you are interested, please join the "Microbiology" course and explore the mysteries of "Little People" together.

—— 课程团队

课程概述

The Microbiology MOOC of Huazhong Agricultural University is an online course based on the national excellent resource sharing course "Microbiology" and the national bilingual teaching demonstration course "Microbiology".

Microbiology is a discipline that studies the laws of microorganisms and their life activities. The content includes the morphological structure of microorganisms, growth and reproduction, physiology and biochemistry, genetic variation, ecological distribution, infection immunity, classification and identification; the relationship between microorganisms and other organisms and their diversity; the application of microorganisms, etc. It is not only an introductory professional course for biology-related majors, but also an independent subject with great potential at the forefront of life sciences, and its related knowledge is closely connected to human production and life.

Studying this course can help you make better use of beneficial microorganisms, prevent, control and eliminate harmful microorganisms, protect your health, and maintain ecological balance.

For students interested in postgraduate entrance examinations or studying abroad, this course can help you consolidate the theoretical foundation of microbiology and master the frontier hot spots of microbiology.

授课目标

Through the study of this course, master the structure and function of microorganisms; master the basic methods of microbial classification; master the main characteristics and representative types of different types of microorganisms; master the characteristics of microbial nutrition and metabolism; master the laws of microbial growth and reproduction and control microbial growth Means; grasp the characteristics of the microbial ecological environment and the role of microorganisms in the ecological environment; grasp the basic laws of microbial genetic variation; understand the research hotspots, frontier progress and development directions of microbiology.

课程大纲

Introduction

课时目标：Understand the discovery of microorganisms and the development history of microbiology, master microbiology characteristics, understand the application of beneficial microorganisms in industry, agriculture, and medicine, and the prevention and control of harmful microorganisms. Master the essential characteristics of microorganisms.

0.1 Characteristics and research objects of microbiology

0.2 The discovery of microorganisms and the history of microbiology

0.3 Types and characteristics of microorganisms

0.4 The role of microorganisms

0.5 Prospects for the future development of microbiology

Unit Test Questions of Introduction

Prokaryotic Microorganisms

课时目标：Master the structure and function of prokaryotic cells. It mainly includes the composition of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan subunits; the comparison of the submicroscopic structure of bacterial flagella and eukaryotic flagella; the formation process of bacterial spores; mastering the classification basis of prokaryotic microorganisms and the characteristics of representative species; the Latin of representative prokaryotic microorganism's scientific name and main characteristics.

1.1 Structure and function of prokaryotic microbial cells

1.2 The cell wall of prokaryotic microorganisms

1.3 Plasma membrane, inner membrane structure, and cell contents of prokaryotic microbial cells

1.4 The accessory structure of bacterial cells

1.5 Comparison of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

1.6 Classification and identification of prokaryotic microorganisms (1)

1.7 Classification and identification of prokaryotic microorganisms (2)

1.8 Classification and identification of prokaryotic microorganisms (3)

1.9 Bacteria (1)

1.10 Bacteria (2)

1.11 Special bacteria

1.12 Mycoplasma, Rickettsia and Chlamydia

1.13 Actinomycetes

1.14 Prokaryotic microorganisms-cyanobacteria

1.15 Prokaryotic microorganisms-archaea

Chapter 1 Unit Test Questions of Prokaryotic Microbiology

Eukaryotic microorganisms

课时目标：It is required to master the morphological characteristics, reproduction methods, and main characteristics of fungi' representative species. Key points: Asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, and representative species of fungi. Difficulty: various asexual and sexual reproduction processes of fungi.

2.1 Overview of eukaryotic microorganisms

2.2 Fungal classification system and common filamentous fungi

2.3 Yeast

2.4 The characteristics and nutrition of filamentous fungi

2.5 Asexual and sexual reproduction of filamentous fungi

2.6 Penicillium and Penicillin

2.7 Microalgae

2.8 Protozoa

Chapter 2 Unit Test Questions of Eukaryotic Microbiology

Viruses

课时目标：A basic knowledge of viruses is required, including 1. The shape, size, structure, chemical composition, and classification of viruses. 2. The infection cycle of toxic phage, the characteristics of mild phage and lysogenic bacteria. 3. The main characteristics of vertebrate viruses, insect viruses, and plant viruses. 4. Basic knowledge of sub-virus.

3.1 Overview of the virus

3.2 Introduction to bacteriophages

3.3 Vigorous phage and one-step growth curve

3.4 Mild phage and lysogenicity

3.5 Animal viruses

3.6 Plant viruses

3.7 Insect viruses

3.8 Sub-virus

Chapter 3 Unit Test Questions of Virus

Microbial nutrition

课时目标：This chapter requires mastering the nutrient types of microorganisms, the ways in which microorganisms take in nutrients, and understanding the types of media and their applications. Key points: Types of nutrition of microorganisms, several ways that microorganisms absorb nutrients through osmosis. Difficulty: Various ways in which microorganisms absorb nutrients.

4.1 Nutrients of microorganisms

4.2 Nutritional types of microorganisms

4.3 Absorption of nutrients by microorganisms

4.4 Medium for microorganisms

Chapter 4 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Nutrition

Microbial metabolism

课时目标：This chapter requires a mastery of microorganisms' production methods, the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms, and the unique anabolism of microorganisms: biological nitrogen fixation, peptidoglycan synthesis, etc., as well as an understanding of the secondary metabolism of microorganisms. Key points: Microbial production methods; special anabolism in microbial cells (biological nitrogen fixation, peptidoglycan synthesis). Difficulty: The special anabolism of microorganisms includes the fixation process of molecular nitrogen and the characteristics of nitrogenase, the synthesis process of peptidoglycan.

5.1 Basic concepts of microbial metabolism

5.2 Biological oxidation of chemical heterotrophic microorganisms-substrate dehydrogenation

5.3 Biological oxidation-respiration of chemical heterotrophic microorganisms

5.4 Biological oxidation-fermentation of chemical heterotrophic microorganisms

5.5 Energy metabolism of chemoautotrophic microorganisms

5.6 Energy metabolism of light energy microorganisms

5.7 Catabolism of microorganisms

5.8 Biological nitrogen fixation

5.9 Anabolism of microorganisms (1)

5.10 Anabolism of microorganisms (2)

5.11 Anabolism of microorganisms (3)

Chapter 5 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth and Control

课时目标：Through the study of this chapter, it is required to master the method of measuring the growth of the microbial population and the main characteristics of each period of the growth curve of the bacterial population in batch culture. Understand the growth of individual microorganisms and the influence of environmental conditions on the growth of microorganisms. Key points: pure culture growth curve of bacteria. Difficulty: How to use the logarithmic growth period of the pure bacterial growth curve to calculate the generation time and the algebraic number of bacteria.

6.1 The cell cycle of bacteria

6.2 Colony growth of microorganisms

6.3 Determination of microbial growth

6.4 Environmental factors affecting the growth of microorganisms

6.5 Control of microbial growth (1)

6.6 Controlling the growth of microorganisms (2)

6.7 Control of microbial growth (3)

Chapter 6 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Ecology

课时目标：Through the study of this chapter, it is required to master the basic knowledge of microbial ecology, including the distribution of microorganisms in nature, the biological environment of microorganisms, the application of microorganisms in environmental protection, the role of microorganisms in the cycle of C, N, S, and P elements in nature, and the microbial groups involved. Key points: the relationship between microorganisms and plants; the application of microorganisms in environmental management and protection. Difficulty: the symbiosis between microorganisms and plants; the role of microorganisms in the C, N, S, and P cycles and the microorganisms involved in the role.

7.1 Overview of Microbial Ecosystem

7.2 Soil microorganisms

7.3 Water environment microorganisms

7.4 Air and extreme environment microorganisms

7.5 Uncultured microorganisms

7.6 Interrelationships between microbial populations

7.7 The mutual growth and the parasitic relationship between microorganisms and plants

7.8 The symbiotic relationship between microorganisms and plants: nodules

7.9 Production and application of rhizobia

7.10 The symbiotic relationship between microorganisms and plants: Mycorrhiza (1)

7.11 The symbiotic relationship between microorganisms and plants: Mycorrhiza (2)

7.12 The relationship between microorganisms and animals

7.13 The role of microorganisms in the material cycle of nature (1)

7.14 The role of microorganisms in the circulation of substances in nature (2)

Chapter 7 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Ecological

Microbial heredity and variation

课时目标：Through the study of this chapter, it is required to master the transmission of genetic information and the regulation mechanism of gene expression, the principles of microbial mutation and gene recombination, and the basic principles and techniques of genetic engineering. Master the methods of preservation and rejuvenation of microbial strains. Key points: gene recombination of bacteria. Difficulty: low-frequency transduction, high-frequency transduction, quasi-sexual reproduction.

8.1 The material basis of genetic variation

8.2 Microbial Genome

8.3 Genetic recombination of bacteria

8.4 Transduction of bacteria

8.5 Conjugation of bacteria

8.6 Fungal gene recombination

8.7 Gene mutation rules and molecular basis

8.8 Principle of induced mutation

8.9 DNA damage repair

8.10 Microbial mutation breeding

Chapter 8 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Genetic and Variation

Conclusion

课时目标：Microbiology is both basic, developmental, and applicable. It always occupies a star position in the life sciences, and the development of microbiology is inseparable from the progress of science and technology. The advancement of science and technology has also promoted the rapid development of microbiology, allowing us to interpret the mysteries of the microbial world from a broader perspective and a new perspective. Our understanding of microbial functions has also overcome the limitations of "pure culture" and entered the level of microbial flora and microbiome for research. This is a milestone in the history of microbiology. I hope we learn microbiology knowledge, master microbiology technology, and use microbiology principles to benefit humanity.

conclution

展开全部

预备知识

Biochemistry and Botany

参考资料

1.《微生物学》陈雯莉.农业出版社, 2019

2.《微生物学》赵斌,陈雯莉,何绍江.高等教育出版社, 2011

3.《微生物学双语教学动画》陈雯莉主编,高等教育出版社, 2013

4.《微生物学教程3rd》周德庆,高等教育出版社, 2011

5.《微生物学8th》沈萍,陈向东.高等教育出版社, 2016

6.《Microbiology 5th》Lansing M. Prescott, John P. Harley, Donald A. Klein. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2002.

7.《微生物学》沈萍,彭珍荣主译.北京:高等教育出版社, 2003.

8.《Prescott's Microbiology 9th》Joanne M. Willey, Linda M. Sherwood, Christopher J. Woolverton. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2013

9.《Brock微生物生物学》=《Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11th》(美) M.T.马迪根, J.M.马丁克等编;李明春,杨文博主译.科学出版社, 2009

10.《Brock's Biology of Microorganism 14th》Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl. 2015 Pearson Education, Inc., USA.(12th 2009)

11. Supporting teaching website:

Excellent Course Microbiology (Huazhong Agricultural University)

https://nhjy.hzau.edu.cn/kech/wswx/

Huazhong Agricultural University Course Center → Microbiology

https://course.hzau.edu.cn/G2S/ShowSystem/Index.aspx

Microbiology Digital Course (Chen Wenli)

https://icc.hep.com.cn/icourse/hzau/wswx

Biology Experiment Basic Techniques and Methods Digital Course Volume VIII (Chen Wenli)

https://icc.hep.com.cn/jlu/swxsy

1 位授课老师

Wenli CHEN

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