Pharmacology_Wenzhou Medical University

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Pharmacology

开课时间： 2025年03月03日 ~ 2025年07月10日

学时安排： 3-5

进行至第4周，共19周已有 250 人参加

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课程详情

课程评价(23)

spContent="Pharmacology" clarifies the law of interaction between drugs and the body, and provides basic theoretical knowledge and scientific thinking methods for disease prevention and rational use of drugs. It is a bridge between basic medicine and clinical medicine or pharmacy.

"Pharmacology" clarifies the law of interaction between drugs and the body, and provides basic theoretical knowledge and scientific thinking methods for disease prevention and rational use of drugs. It is a bridge between basic medicine and clinical medicine or pharmacy.

—— 课程团队

课程概述

Pharmacology is a science that is basic not only to medicine but also to pharmacy, nursing and dentistry medicine. It investigates the actions of drugs and chemicals in biological systems, ranging from the effects of chemical agents upon subcellular mechanisms to potential hazards of drug therapy for major diseases. Students should master the pharmacological action, mechanism, clinical application and adverse action of the drugs, which may provide elementary theory and knowledge for clinical diagnosis and preventing disease. Meanwhile, Pharmacology is also a practical subject, students not only should master the basic operational skills and theory by the experimental teaching, but also the designing thinking and procedure. Only so can students establish a satisfactory foundation to pursue technical and professional careers in medicine or other branches of health care and life sciences.

On the digital course cloud platform, pharmacology teaching uses online, interactive and other forms to set relevant knowledge points, combined with a series of clinical cases, in-depth development of autonomous and heuristic teaching modes, and guide students to change from passive acceptance of knowledge to autonomous learning and organization of questions and solve the problem, so as to achieve the teaching goal of mastering professional knowledge of pharmacology and having clinical practice medication ability, and essentially promote the improvement of students' theoretical knowledge and practical ability.

The construction of the digital curriculum of "Pharmacology" aims to break the limitations of time and space, change the traditional teacher-centered, teaching material as the center, excessive use of teaching, resulting in students' low learning initiative, cognition, and insufficient participation. Through rich teaching resources, advanced technical means and multi-dimensional teaching environment, help teachers to update teaching concepts, deepen course content, improve teaching methods, and innovate teaching design on the basis of inheriting traditional teaching models. Meanwhile promote students' independent learning and research learning, and provide support for optimizing teaching management and promoting the reform of teaching mode, so as to comprehensively improve the efficiency and quality of curriculum teaching.

This digital course of "Pharmacology" includes general introduction, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efferent nervous system drugs, central nervous system drugs, cardiovascular system drugs, various organ system drugs, antimicrobial drugs, antitumor drugs and other teaching chapters. Personalized teaching arrangements are made through rich teaching resources and teaching design such as teaching videos, teaching PPTs, exercises, cases and open discussions. Relying on the support of the digital course cloud platform, online teaching activities such as announcement, question answering and discussion are carried out, and the course implementation and process teaching evaluation are completed through score evaluation and teaching file management.

授课目标

Knowledge objective: to master the pharmacological action, clinical application and adverse reactions of drugs, and to strengthen the study of research-oriented, innovative and comprehensive knowledge.

Ability objectives: to develop students' initiative and cultivate their ability of self-study and understanding;Guide students to combine theory with practice, and cultivate their comprehension and comprehensive analysis ability.Cultivate students' comprehensive ability and advanced thinking to solve complex problems, and improve their competence.

Emotional objective: to cultivate students' humanistic quality, to put the interests of patients in the first place, to use what they have learned to solve drug problems, to provide humanistic care throughout the whole process, and to better serve patients.

课程大纲

Introduction

课时目标：Understand the concept of drugs, the research object and goal of the pharmacology and the purpose of learning pharmacology.

1. The characteristic and goal of pharmacology

1.1 The concept of drugs

1.2 The research content and subject position of pharmacology

2. The history of drugs and pharmacology

2.1 Materia medica stage

2.2 Recent period

2.3 Morden times stage

3 The exploitation and research of new drugs

Pharmacokinetics

课时目标：Understand transmembrane transport of drugs; process and excretion of drugs in the body; time-concentration curve; two kinds of elimination kinetics; pharmacokinetics parameters.

1. Transmembrane transport of drugs

1.1 Non-carrier transport;

1.2 Carrier transport;

1.3 Cytosis

2. Process of drug in the body

2.1 absorbtion;

2.2 distribution;

2.3 metabolism;

2.4 excretion

3. Drug concentration variation in the body

3.1 time-concentration curve;

3.2 half-life, AUC, bioavailability

4. Elimination kinetics of the drugs

4.1 First-order elimination kinetics;

4.2 Zero-order elimination kinetics;

4.3 concentration of steady state after continuous administration drug;

4.4 compartment model

Pharmacodynamics

课时目标：Understand the concept of effect, action, therapeutic effect and adverse drug reaction; dose-effect relationship; the concept and characteristics of receptor, agonist and antagonist. Understand the mechanism of drug action, classification of receptor, modulation of receptor and the second messenger.

1. The action and effect of the drugs

1.1 action and effect

1.2 therapeutic effect: etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment, supplement therapy

2. Dose-effect relationship of dugs

2.1 dose-effect curve, graded response and quantal response

2.2 potency and efficacy,therapeutic index.

3. Drug and receptor

3.1 the concept of drug and receptor

3.2 the interaction between drug and receptor:affinity and intrinsic activity

3.3 the classification of drug according to the binding to the receptor: agonist, competitive antagonist and noncompetitive antagonist

3.4 the classification of receptor

Autonomic Drugs

课时目标：Understand the overview of autonomic pharmacology

1. Anatomy of the peripheral nervous system

2. Cholinergic Transmission and Neurotransmitter

3. Autonomic receptor

4.Effects of receptors

Cholinoceptor-Activating Drugs

课时目标：Understand the pharmacology action of pilocarpine on eyes; the action of acetylcholine, carbachol, methacholine; NChR

1. The pharmacology action of pilocarpine on eyes

2.The action of acetylcholine, carbachol, methacholine

3. NChR

Cholinoceptor Blocking Drugs

课时目标：Understand the action, clinical use, adverse effect and contraindication of atropine.Familiar with the characteristics of anisodamine, scopolamine and homatropine.

1. The action, clinical use, adverse effect and contraindication of atropine.

2. The characteristics of anisodamine, scopolamine and homatropine

Adrenoceptor agonists

课时目标：Understand the action, clinical use, adverse reaction and contraindication of adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline and dopamine.Familiar with the characteristics of ephedrine, metaraminol, phenylephrine.

1. α-receptor agonist:

Explain the action, clinical use, adverse reaction and contraindication of noradrenaline.

Introduce the characteristic and clinical use of metaraminol and phenylephrine.

2. α, β-receptor agonist:

The action, clinical use, adverse reaction and contraindication of adrenaline .

The action and use of dopamine.

The action and use of ephedrine .

3. β-receptor agonist: Explain the action, clinical use, adverse reaction and contraindication of isoprenaline

Adrenoceptor blockers

课时目标：Understand the action, clinical use, adverse effect and contraindication of phentolamine and β-receptor blockers.Understand the characteristics of tolazoline, phenoxybenzamine, pindolol, propranolol and timolol.

1.The action, clinical use, adverse effect and contraindication of phentolamine.

2.The action, clinical use, adverse effect and contraindication of propranolo.

3.The characteristics of tolazoline, phenoxybenzamine, pindolol

Neurodegenerative Diseases

课时目标：Understand the clinical use and adverse effects of levodopa.Understand the characteristics of dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, COMT inhibitors and acetylcholine-blocking drugs in the treatment of PD.

1. the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease

2. Anti-Parkinson's disease drugs: the clinical use and adverse effects of levodopa.

3. the characteristics of dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, COMT inhibitors

4. Central acetylcholine-blocking drugs in the treatment of PD.

Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs

课时目标：1. Understand the pharmacokinetic characteristics of benzodiazepines and barbiturates.2. Understand the molecular mechanisms of benzodiazepines and barbiturates.3. Understand the organ level effects of benzodiazepines and barbiturates4. Understand the characteristics of new drugs for anxiety and sleep disorders.5. Understand the clinical uses and toxicity of sedative-hypnotics.

1. Diazepam as an example of the benzodiazepine drugs, Demonstrate application, pharmacological effects, and adverse reaction mechanisms of diazepam.

2. The pivotal role of barbiturates features, applications and adverse reaction. (Comparative)

3. Chloral hydrate and other drug features and applications

Drugs for Psychiatric Disorders

课时目标：1. Understand the pharmacokinetic characteristics of antipsychotic agents.2. Understand the pharmacologic effects of antipsychotic agents.3. Understand the psychiatric and non-psychiatric indications of antipsychotic agents.4. Understand the adverse reactions of anti-psychotics.5. Understand the clinic applications and adverse effects & complications of lithium carbonate.6. Understand the classification of antidepressant agents.

Psychiatric disorders and classification of antipsychotic agents.

1. antipsychotics

The mechanism of chlorpromazine and the course of pharmacological effects

Clinical Application

Adverse Reactions

Other thiazides and other antipsychotics.

2.Antidepressants and anti-manic

Incidence of manic depression theory

Antidepressants

Anti-seizure Drugs

课时目标：Understand three categories of the mechanisms of anti-seizure drugs and the clinical uses of all kinds of anti-seizure drugs.

1. Antiepileptic drug including: the definition of epilepsy and classification

Phenytoin

Carbamazepine

Phenobarbital and bashing one-meter

Ethosuximide

Sodium valproate

Diazepam and clonazepam

2. Anticonvulsant drugs :

Commonly used drugs and magnesium sulfate.

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

课时目标：1. Understand the characteristics of pharmacokinetics of Aspirin.2. Understand the action mechanisms, clinical uses and adverse effects of Aspirin.3. Understand the characteristics of selective and nonselective COX inhibitors.

1. Antipyretic analgesics in common

The role of anti-inflammatory drugs of various parts and links ,antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory effects ,COX-1 and COX-2 selective Inhibition of the efficacy and adverse reactions and the relationship.

2. Non-selective COX inhibitor

Salicylic acid-type: the process of aspirin, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic effects, impact of thrombosis mechanisms, and dose relationship. 5 kinds of adverse reactions.

3.COX-2 selective inhibitors

Opioid Analgesics

课时目标：1. Understand the characteristics of pharmacokinetics of opioid analgesics.2. Understand the mechanisms of action of opioid analgesics.3. Understand the effects, clinical uses and adverse effects of opioid analgesics.4. Understand the characteristics of specific opioid analgesics.

1. Morphine as an example to opioid analgesic, demonstrate mechanism of pharmacological action, applications and adverse reaction (mechanism of tolerance and addiction).

2. Compare of pethidine and morphine simply in the pharmacological effects, clinical applications and the main aspects of the different adverse reactions.

3. Brief description of codeine, fentanyl, methadone, pentazocine, etc.

Drugs used in Angina Pectoris

课时目标：1. Understand three groups of drugs currently approved for use in angina.2. Understand the administration route of nitroglycerin.3. Understand the pharmacological effects of nitroglycerin.4. Understand the clinical uses and toxicity of nitroglycerin.5. Understand the actions and mechanisms of beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs.6. Understand the adverse effects of beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs

1. The pathophysiology of angina pectoris and clinical classification of mechanisms

2. nitrate : The role of nitroglycerin, anti-angina vasodilator mechanisms, in vivo process, clinical applications, adverse reactions and tolerance.

3.β-receptor blockers : Including the role of combination of these two types of applications and learn from each other.

3. Calcium antagonist

Antihypertensive Agents

课时目标：1. Understand the classification of antihypertensive agents.2. Understand the action and mechanisms of commonly used antihypertensive agents.3. Understand the characteristics of other antihypertensive agents.

1. Classification of antihypertensive drugs

2. Commonly used antihypertensive drugs

(A) thiazides (diuretics): characteristics, the role of mechanisms and side effects.

(B) The calcium antagonist: nifedipine, the characteristics of clinical application.

(D) Angiotensin Ⅰ-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) captopril and other antihypertensive drugs, the role of the mechanism, clinical applications and adverse reactions.

(E) AT1 receptor blocker : Losartan characteristics.

3. Other classic anti-hypertension drugs

Drugs Used in Heart Failure

课时目标：Understand the pathophysiology of heart failure. Understand the cardiac effects of digitalis and the other positive inotropic drugs used in heart failure. Understand the drugs without positive inotropic effects used in heart failure.

1.Overview: Congestive heart failure (CHF) , the basic pathophysiology and classification of drug.

2. Cardiac glycosides

(A) Process of cardiac glycosides.

(B) The role of positive inotropic pharmacological effect

(D) The clinical application.

(E) Prevention and treatment of adverse reactions and cardiac reactions.

(F) Total amount of drug delivery methods and maintenance dose.

3. Renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system inhibitors

4. Diuretics

5. Receptor blocker

6. Other drugs

Agents Used in Cardiac Arrhythmias

课时目标：1. Understand the three major mechanisms of arrhythmias. 2. Understand the four classes of antiarrthymic drugs.3. Understand the clinical uses of commonly used antiarrthymic drugs.4. Understand the principles in the clinical use of antiarrthymic agents

1. The three major mechanisms of arrhythmias. Explain the mechanisms with figures clearly, and the key targets for drugs.

2. The four classes of antiarrthymic drugs.introduce drugs in each class and take an example from each class to explain the main characteristics of the class,and then introduce the others .

3. The clinical uses of commonly used antiarrthymic drugs.

4. The principles in the clinical use of antiarrthymic agents

Agents Used in Hyperlipidemia

课时目标：1.Understand the terms “lipoproteins”, “hyperlipidemia”.2.Understand the therapeutic uses and toxicity of these compounds.3.Understand the treatment of hyperlipidemia and drug combinations

1. Define the terms “lipoproteins”, “hyperlipidemia”. Introduce the synthesis of three compounds and the targets for anti –hyperlipidemia drugs.

2. Introduce pharmacological effects of these drugs and explain the main effects , the clinical use and the toxicity.

3. Explain the treatment of hyperlipidemia and drug combinations

Drugs affecting endocrine system

课时目标：1.Understand the mechanism of action，clinical uses of thyroid and antithyroid drugs.2. Understand the pharmacologic action, clinical uses and adverse reaction of insulin and other Glucose-Lowering Drugs.3. Understand the clinical pharmacology, toxicity, contraindications and cautions of cortisol.

1. Thyroid & Antithyroid Drugs

1.1 The synthesis of thyroid and the targets for anti-thyroid

1.2 The mechanism of action of thyroid and antithyroid drugs, the clinical pharmacology and adverse reaction of thyroid and antithyroid drugs.

1.3The treatment in hypothyroidism.

2. Insulin and Other Glucose-Lowering Drugs

2.1 The diabetic diseases.

2.2 The pharmacological effects , clinical uses of insulin.

2.3 The categories of oral antidiabetic agents and the mechanisms of oral antidiabetic agents.

2.4 The clinical characteristics and adverse effects of oral antidiabetic agents

3. Thyroid & Antithyroid Drugs

3.1 The hormones released from adrenal cortex simply.

3.2The clinical pharmacology, toxicity, contraindications and cautions of cortisol.

3.3The selection of drug and dosage schedule

3.4The antagonists of adrenocortical agents and their mechanisms

Drugs for Digestive Disorders

课时目标：Understand the mechanisms of acid-peptic diseases and three classes of drugs used in the treatment；Understand the characteristics of drugs for peptic ulcers, especially proton pump inhibitors；Understand the commonly used antiemetics, prokinetics and laxatives

1.The pathophysilogy characteractics of acid-peptic diseases, targets for anti-peptic drugs and three classes of drugs used in the treatment.

2.The characteristics of each class for peptic ulcers, especially proton pump inhibitors.

3.The commonly used antiemetics, prokinetics and laxatives,and the main feature of the drugs.

Drugs for Respiratorty Disorders

课时目标：Understand the mechanisms of drugs used in asthma and the characteristics of drug used in asthma.

1. The pathophysiology of asthma and main targets for treatments simply.

2. Explain the mechanisms of drugs used in asthma,pharmacological effects and clinical uses

3. The characteristics of other drugs for other diseases in repiratorty

Blood Drug

课时目标：1.Understand the clinical application and toxicity of iron; and the roles of VitB12 and folic acid in anemia.2. Understand the action mechanism、clinical application and adverse reaction of heparin, warfarin and the coumarin anticoagulants.

1. Antianemia Drugs

1.1 The role of iron deficiency in chronic anemia, especially the factors which influence the absorption of iron.

1.2 Iron preparations pharmacological action, indication and adverse reaction and detoxicate.

1.3. Folacin pharmacological action, indication and adverse reaction.

1.4 VitB12 pharmacological action, indication and adverse reaction.

1.5 Hematopoietic cell growth factor, Erythropoietin, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF ), Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF).

2. Drugs used in Disorders of Coagulation.

2.1 The action mechanism、indication and adverse reaction of heparin and low molecular weight heparin. Detoxicant protamine.

2.2 The pharmacological action、clinical application of warfarin and the coumarin anticoagulants.

2.3 Drug interactions of warfarin.

2.4 The mechanisms of action and clinical uses of fibrinolytic drugs.

2.5 The mechanism of antiplatelet agents.

Antimicrobial Agents

课时目标：1. Undersand antimicrobial spectrum、antibiotic activity、drug resistance, and chemotherapeutic index, etc. basic concept.2. Undersand the common antimicrobial agents action mechanism and resistance mechanism. 3. Undersand antimicrobial reasonable application and combined application.

1. Terms including antibacterial agent、antibiotics、antimicrobial spectrum、antibacterial activity、bacteriostatic、bactericide、MIC、MBC、chemotherapeutic index、post antibiotics effect（PAE）、bacterial resistance.

2. Antibacterial action mechanism

3. Bacterial drug resistance

4. Antimicrobial reasonable application and combined application.

β-Lactam Antibiotics

课时目标：1. Understand β-lactam antibiotics antibiosis mechanism, drug resistance mechanism.2. Understand natural / semisynthesis penicillins and cephalosporins antibacterial action, clinical application and adverse reaction. 3. Understand the product traits, representative drugs and clinical application of each generational cephalothin.

1. The general trait of β-lactam antibiotics antibiosis, including classification and representative agents; antibacterial action mechanism、antibacterial action and bacterial drug resistance mechanism.

2. Penecellins including classification、representative agents、antibacterial action、pharmacokinetic、clinic application、adverse reaction and announcement.

3. Cephalosporins including classfication、antibacterial action traits、clinic application、adverse reaction and representative agents.

4. Others of β-lactam antibiotics.

Aminoglycosides

课时目标：1. Understand aminoglycosides general characteristics include the action, mechanism, clinical application and adverse reaction.2. Understand the characteristics and clinical application of streptomycin、gentamicin、kanamycin and amikacin. 3. Understand other drugs action characteristics and clinical application

1. Aminoglycosides, including antibacterial action、action mechanism、 pharmacokinetic and adverse reaction.

2. The typical agents of aminoglycosides

3. Other aminoglycosides： action characteristics and clinical application.

Macrolides, Clindamycin & Polypeptide Antibiotics

课时目标：1. Understand the antibacterial action, application and adverse effects of macrolides, especially erythromycin.2. Understand the traits of action of clarithromycin and azithromycin.3. Undersand the antibacterial action and clinical application of clindamycin、vancomycin and polymycin B

1. Macrolides and new macrolides.

2. Lincomycins and clindamycin.

3. Polypeptide antibiotics and polymyxin.

Tetracyclines & Chloramphenicol

课时目标：1. Understand the action characteristics、clinical application and adverse reaction of tetracyclines and chloramphenicol. 2. Understand semisynthesis tetracyclines's action characteristics.

1. Tetracyclines’s physico-chemical property、pharmacokinetic、antibacterial action、clinical application and adverse reaction.

2. Chloramphenical pharmacokinetic、antibacterial action、clinical application and adverse reaction.

Artificial Synthetic Antibacterial Drugs

课时目标：1. Understand the antibiotic mechanism, drug resistance, clinical applications and adverse reaction of quinolone. 2. Understand the mechanism、classification、antibacterial action、clinical application and adverse reaction of sulfonamides.3. Understand the action traits of SD、SMZ and TMP and combined application.4. Understand other antificial synthesis antibacterial drugs

1. Quinolones: overview、classfication、representative agents; antibacterial action and mechanism; drug resistance; pharmacokinetic、clinical application、adverse reaction and drug interaction.

2. The action、mechanism and application of sulfonamides and TMP.

3. Other antificial synthesis antibacterial drugs, such as nitrofuran and nitromidazole

Anti-mycobacterial Drugs

课时目标：1. Understand the traits, clinical application and adverse reaction of the first-selected anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin and ethamnbutol.2. Understand the main traits of the second-selected anti-tuberculosis drugs.3. Understand the application principle of anti-tuberculosis drugs.

1. The classification、action traits、pharmacokinetic、application and adverse reaction of anti-tuberculosis drugs.

2. The action traits、application and adverse reaction of rifampin.

3. The action traits、application and adverse reaction of ethambutol.

4. The application principle of anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Antifungal and Antiviral Agents

课时目标：1. Undersand action characteristics and cinical uses of the common antifungal agents.2. Understand action characteristics and clinical application of the common antiviral agents.

1. Antifungal agents

1.1 Antibiotics：griseofulvin、fungicidin、amphotericin B.

1.2 Azoles：imidazole（clotrimazole、miconazole、ketoconazole）; triazole（fluconazol、Itraconazole）.

1.3 Others: Terbinafine、flurocytosine.

2. Antiviral Agents

2.1 The action characteristics of acyclovir、idoxurindine、ribovirin、adenine arabinoside、Aminodiamantane.

2.2 The clinical application of acyclovir、idoxurindine、ribovirin、adenine arabinoside、Aminodiamantane

Anticancer Drugs

课时目标：1. Understand anti-cancer drugs classification and action mechanism.2. Understand the relationship between cell population proliferation kinetics and anti-cancer drugs action. 3. Understand the common anti-cancer drugs action characteristic and adverse reaction.4. Understand anti-cancer drugs application principle.

1. Anti-cancer drugs classification and action mechanism.

2. The relationship between cell population proliferation kinetics and anti-cancer drugs action.

3. The common anti-cancer drugs action characteristic and adverse reaction.

4. Anti-cancer drugs application principle.

展开全部

预备知识

Basic medical science such as anatomy, physiology, immunology and microbiology, pathophysiology

参考资料

1. Color_Atlas_of_Pharmacology_(3ed.,_Thieme,2005)(ISBN 158890332X)

2. GOODMAN & GILMAN'S THE PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPEUTICS - 11th Ed. ISBN 0-07-142280-3

3 位授课老师

Bingbing CHEN

Professor

Junwei Li

Ph.D

Yu XiChong

lecturer

Bingbing CHEN

Junwei Li

Yu XiChong

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