Cell Biology for Medical or Life Sciences_Shandong University

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Cell Biology for Medical or Life Sciences

Start Date: 2025/02/20 ~ 2025/06/30

Schedule: 3-5小时每周

Now: Week 11/19 57 enrolled

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Overview

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—— Instructors

About this course

The contents and characteristics of this course

The Ministry of Education of the Peoples’ Republic of China pays much more attention to the international medical education in China. International Exchange Division of the Ministry of Education authorized the Chapter of International Medical Education in Chinese International Exchange Association to make the criteria and syllabus for each subjects of the medical students. We designed the course strictly according to the criteria and syllabus created by the experts in the Chapter of International Medical Education.

In this course, ten 2D-cartoons are applied. In each chapter, we provide assignments and practice questions (in forms of choice), we also provide teaching PPT for the students.

This course provides examinations for the students to gain credit hour. The whole course is in English, including pictures and cartoons.

The characteristics of this course: in the beginning of each chapter, the major points of the chapter will be listed in form of questions. The later on teaching will be focus on these questions or major points. Each section of the chapter will be the major points and each major points includes some small points. The small points will also be raised as questions during the teaching. Therefore, the students will learn something with questions and aims, the teaching effect must be good. In each chapter, a brief summary will be provided. In the end of the teaching, the list of the knowledge that the students need to learn will be repeated. In each chapter, some terms or definitions will be provided for the students. Some questions will be raised as choices for the students to practice to further understand the knowledge points.

This course is specially designed for international medical students in China, mainly for MBBS（medicine bachelor and bachelor of surgery）students, besides, it is also good for students major in life sciences. It will be good for students in other part of the world, who major in medical and life sciences. It will also be useful for Chinese medical students or Chinese students major in life science.

Syllabus

The introduction of Cell Biology

课时目标：In this chapter, the students are required to learn the definition of Cell Biology. Cell Biology is a subject to study cellular structures with their functions and life activities of a cell. The short history of Cell Biology is the important for students to learn Cell Biology. The students need to learn Cell theory and why cell is the unit of life.

Section 1. The definition of Cell Biology

Section 2. The short history of Cell Biology

Section 3. The position of cell biology in life science

Section 4. The hot research area of Cell Biology and Medicine

Section 5. Cell is the basic unit of life

Section 6. The classification of cells

Section 7. The anatomy of a cell

Section 8. The elements and molecules in a cell

Chapter 2. Cell membrane and transmembrane transportation

课时目标：The cell membrane is not only a physical boundary for a cell, but also a structure with various biological functions, such as material and information changes with the environment. The special structure of cell membrane determines the biological functions of cell membrane. The characteristics of the cell membrane is an important part of this chapter. The Fluid Mosaic Model of membrane is the popular model for structure and functions of all kinds of unit membrane. Another important part of this chapter is about cross membrane transportation, including small molecule transportation (passive and active), large molecule of complex (endocytosis and exocytosis)

Section 1. The Concept of Plasma membrane

Section 2. The chemical components of membrane and characteristics of membrane

Section 3. Different model of membrane structure

Section 4. The cross membrane transportation of small molecules

Section 5. The cross membrane transportation of large molecules or particles

Section 6. Specified cell surface

Chapter 3. Endomembrane system and membrane dynamics

课时目标：The Endomembrane system includes ER, Golgi complex, lysosome, peroxisome and vesicles, it excludes mitochondria. In this chapter, the students will learn the characteristics of each organelle in this system and the functions of the organelle. The students will also learn the process of vesicle formation, transportation and docking to its target. As a concept, the students should learn the process of endomembrane proteins synthesis, translation, modification and transportation in vesicles.

Section 1. The concept of endomembrane system and its functions

Section 2. Location, structure and functions of endoplasmic reticulum

Section 3. The structure characteristics of Golgi Complex and its functions

Section 4. The structure characteristics and functions of lysosomes

Section 5. The structure and functions of peroxisome

Section 6. Vesicles and vesicle transportation

Section 7. Endomembrane system and diseases

Chapter 4. Mitochondrion

课时目标：Mitochondria are power houses in a cell. Why are the mitochondria able to make biological energy ATP? Because mitochondria have the special structure. The students will learn the special mitochondrial structure associating with their biological function to make ATP. A mitochondrion has its own circular DNA, which encodes 13 polypeptides, while most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genomic DNA, therefore the functions and duplication ability of the mitochondrion depends on nuclear DNA and its own DNA. That is why mitochondrion is called semiautonomous organelle.

Section 1. The concept of mitochondria

Section 2. The morphology, number &distribution of mitochondria

Section 3. The genome of mitochondria

"Section 4. The function of mitochondria —

process of energy conversion"

Section 5. Mitochondria replication

Section 6. Mitochondria and cell death

Section 7. Mitochondria and the related diseases

Chapter 5. Cytoskeletal System

课时目标：There is a skeletal system in a cell to support the morphology of the cell to make movement of the cell, which is named as cytoskeletal system or cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton includes microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. The students will learn how these three filaments assembly, the factors impacting their stability and their biological functions. The cytoskeleton elements always associate with some proteins and work together to complete some special functions.

Section 1. The concept of cytoskeleton

Section 2. Microtubules

Section 3. Microfilaments

Section 4. Intermediate filaments

Chapter 6. The cell nucleus

课时目标：The nucleus is the information center of a cell, the information is stored in DNA sequences. The function of nucleus is to process information (mRNA) by sending message to cytoplasm. The structure of nucleus includes the nuclear envelop, the nuclear lamina, the chromatin, the nucleolus and the nuclear matrix. Conceptually, the students need to learn how nucleus communicates and exchange material with cytoplasm and the environments.

Section 1. The concept of nucleus

Section 2. Location, morphology and structure of nucleus

Section 3. Chromatin and Chromosome

Section 4. Nucleolus

Chapter 7. Cell junction and Cell adhesion

课时目标：A cell associates with its neighbor cells to form tissue. Cell associates with other cells in special ways, the connection between cells contains special proteins and forms a protein complex, which is named as cell junction. Cell junctions include tight junction, anchor junctions and communication junctions. Depending on some transmembrane molecules the cells can associate together, which is named as cell adhesion. These molecules are called Cell Adhesion Molecules. Cell Adhesion Molecules includes cadherin, Ig superfamily, integrin and selectin.

Section 1. The concept of cell junction

Section 2. Tight junction

Section 3. Anchoring junction

Section 4. Communication Junction

Section 5. Cell adhesion

Chapter 8． Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

课时目标：A cell is connected with another cell with a cell junction, a cell also associates with the environment with extracellular matrix. Extracellular matrix is secreted by cells. Extracellular matrix includes gel matrix [glycosaminoglycan (GAG)，proteoglycan (PG)] and network filaments (collagen, elastin, fibronectin, laminin). Basement membrane or basal lamina is a specialized extracellular matrix with special molecular arrangement.

Section 1 The main components of ECM

Section 2 The specialized structure of ECM——Basal lamina"

Chapter 9 Cell proliferation and cell cycle

课时目标：The process of cells increasing their numbers is named as cell proliferation, also called cell division. Cell division includes direct division and indirect division. Indirect division contains mitosis and meiosis. The students need to know the molecular mechanism of mitosis and meiosis. Cell cycle includes interphase (G1, S, G2) and mitosis. The dynamic activation shift of cyclin/cdk is the force for cell cycle accomplishment. The ‘watchdogs’ for cell cycle are cell cycle checkpoints.

Section 1. Cell proliferation

Section 2. Mitosis

Section 3. Amitosis and meiosis

Section 4. Cell cycle

Section 5 cell cycle regulation

Section6. cell cycle checkpoint

Section 7. Proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor genes

Chapter 10 Cell Differentiation

课时目标：Cell differentiation is the process for cells to become stabled different cells with different functions. Stem cells with different potential to differentiate are divided into totipotent stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, unipotent stem cells. Differentiated cells can be reprogrammed into IPS cells. The molecular base of cell differentiation is gene selective expression. The genes in a cell contains house-keeping genes and luxury genes.

Section 1 concepts of cell differentiation

Section 2 Molecular Foundation of Cell Differentiation

Section 3. The factors influence cell differentiation

Section 4 Cell Differentiation and Medicine

Chapter 11. Cell Senescence

课时目标：The process of cell losing its physiological activity and ability to proliferation is called cell senescence. The senescence cell has some morphological and biochemical changes. There are some theories to explain the mechanisms of cell senescence, including Genetics determination theory, free radical theory, telomere clock theory, Waste product accumulation theory et al.

Section 1. Cell senescence

Section 2 different cells have different life span

Section 3 the changes of aged cells

Section 4 The theories of cell senescence and the mechanisms

Chapter 12. Cell Death

课时目标：There are two major ways for cell death. One is necrosis, the other is apoptosis. Apoptosis is programmed cell death both in physiological conditions and in some pathological conditions. There are morphological changes and biochemical changes during apoptosis, which are important for people to detect apoptosis. The mechanisms of apoptosis initiation and processing are explored and two major pathways (intrinsic and extrinsic) are well deciphered. Autophagy is a way in a cell to recycle or to get rid of the damaged organelles. Via some molecules, the autophagosomal membrane (two layers of unit membrane) will enclose the damaged or used organelles to form an autophagosome, then lysosome will associate with it and beak down the materials inside. Over autophagy formation or activity will lead cells to death.

Section 1 concept of cell death

Section 2. apoptosis

Section 3. Factors related to apoptosis

Section 4. mechanisms for apoptosis

Section 5. Detection of apoptosis

Section 6. Autophagy

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Instructors

Xiangdong WANG

Professor