spContent=As one of the oldest fundamental disciplines in physics, the development of optics has been throughout the history of physics. Each breakthrough on the understanding of the nature of light has led to important leaps in both physical theory and applications, such as X-ray, electromagnetic wave, laser and so on. Up to now, optics is still one of the most active fields in the cutting edge of scientific and technological development.
As one of the oldest fundamental disciplines in physics, the development of optics has been throughout the history of physics. Each breakthrough on the understanding of the nature of light has led to important leaps in both physical theory and applications, such as X-ray, electromagnetic wave, laser and so on. Up to now, optics is still one of the most active fields in the cutting edge of scientific and technological development.
—— 课程团队
课程概述
Optics is one of the most important courses for undergraduates majoring in Physics. It is not only indispensable for students to establish a complete system of physical knowledge, but also the prerequisite to further studying atomic physics, electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, laser, and quantum optics. This course introduces the classical wave theory of light, including interference, diffraction, polarization, the absorption, dispersion and scattering of light, and the quantization of light. By combining theory and applications, the classical and the cutting-edge advances, it aims to make students master the basic knowledge, theories and methods of wave optics, thus pave a solid foundation for students to further study or work in the relevant area in the future.
授课目标
This course requires students to strengthen self-learning under the guidance of teachers, master the basic knowledge of Wave Optics, understand the basic concepts and basic laws, establish clear physical pictures, and significantly improve the ability of independent analysis and problem solving.
课程大纲
Week 1
课时目标：1. Understand the basic history of the development of optics and the main theories about the nature of light 2. Master the basic operations of complex numbers and the Euler formula 3. Master the three methods of adding oscillations: adding instantaneous values, complex amplitude method, and the phasor method
1.1 What's Physics Theory? (什么是物理理论?)
1.2 A Brief History of Optics--Classical (光学简史—经典光学)
1.3 A Brief History of Optics--Modern (光学简史—现代光学)
1.4 Harmonic Oscillation (简谐振动)
1.5 Wave (波)
1.6 Complex Numbers (复数)
1.7 Addition of Oscillations (振动的叠加)
Week 2
课时目标：1. Understand the coherent conditions of light, the concepts of coherence and incoherence, the concepts of constructive and destructive interference. 2. understand the concept of optical path length, optical path length difference, and master the relevant calculation. 3. Mastering the analysis of Young's double-slit experiment: optical path difference, interference fringes, spacing of fringes, shift of fringes, and contrast
1.8 Electromagnetic Nature of Light (光的电磁本性)
1.9 Refractive Index and Intensity (折射率和光强)
1.10 Optical Path Length & Optical Path Length Difference (光程和光程差)
2.1 Interference of Light (光的干涉)
2.2 Coherent Light vs Incoherent Light (相干光和非相干光)
2.3 Young's Experiment (杨氏实验)
2.4 Contrast (衬比度/对比度/可见度)
2.5 Other Wavefront-splitting Experiments (其它分波面实验)
Week 3
课时目标：1. Understand the temporal and spatial coherence of light fields. 2. Master the concept of half-wave loss and learn to analyze the extra optical path difference. 3. Master the analysis of optical path difference, and the analysis and calculation of the fringes in interferences of thin film and wedge
2.6 Temporal Coherence (时间相干性)
2.7 Spatial Coherence (空间相干性)
2.8 Half-wave Loss (半波损失)
2.9 Equal Inclination Fringes (等倾条纹)
2.10 Equal Inclination Fringes--Characteristics (等倾条纹特点)
2.11 Equal Thickness Fringes (等厚条纹)
Week 4
课时目标：1. Master the analysis of optical path difference, and the analysis and calculation of the fringes in interferences of Newton’s rings. 2. Master the principle of Michelson interferometer and Fabry-Perot interferometer, and the characteristics of light intensity distribution. 3. Master the calculation of the intensity distribution for Fabry-Perot interferometer and multi-beam interference
2.12 Newton's Rings (牛顿环)
2.13 Michelson Interferometer (迈克尔孙干涉仪)
2.14 Fabry-Perot Interferometer (法布里-珀罗干涉仪)
2.15 Fabry-Perot Interferometer—Physical Picture (法布里-珀罗干涉仪物理图像)
2.16 Multi-beam Interference (多光束相干)
2.17 Multi-beam Interference—Physical Picture (多光束相干物理图像)
Week 5
课时目标：1. Understand the Huygens-Fresnel principle. 2. Understand the concept of Fresnel diffraction and Fraunhofer diffraction. 3. Understand the concept of Half-wave Zone, and master the relevant calculation and analysis. 4. Master the calculation of intensity distribution for single-slit diffraction, understand the physical picture.
3.1 Diffraction of Light (光的衍射)
3.2 Huygens-Fresnel Principle (恵更斯-菲涅尔原理)
3.3 Half-wave Zone Method (半波带法)
3.4 Poisson Bright Spot (泊松亮斑)
3.5 Half-wave Zone—Physical Picture (半波带的物理图像)
3.6 Zone Plate (波带片)
3.7 Single-slit Diffraction (单缝衍射)
3.8 Single-slit Diffraction—Physical Picture (单缝衍射的物理图像)
Week 6
课时目标：1. Understand the Fraunhofer diffraction of circular aperture, the Airy disk and Rayleigh’s criterion. 2. Understand the resolving power of optical instruments and master relevant calculations. 3. Master the calculation of intensity distribution for grating diffraction, understand the physical picture
3.9 Aperture Diffraction (圆孔衍射)
3.10 Resolving Power of Optical Instruments (光学仪器的分辨率)
3.11 Gratings (光栅)
3.12 Grating Diffraction (光栅衍射)
3.13 Grating Diffraction-Picture (光栅衍射的物理图像)
3.14 Grating Spectrum (光栅光谱)
Week 7
课时目标：1. Understand the principle of X-ray Diffraction to Crystals. 2. Understand the Abbe Imaging Principle. 3. Master the five polarizations of light. 4. Understand the Malus’ Law
3.15 X-ray Diffraction to Crystals (X射线对晶体的衍射)
3.16 Applications of X-ray Diffraction (X射线衍射的应用)
3.17 Fourier Transform (傅里叶变换)
3.18 Abbe Imaging Principle (阿贝成像原理)
3.19 Spatial Filtering (空间滤波)
4.1 Polarization of Light (光的偏振)
4.2 Circular and Elliptic Light (圆偏光和椭圆偏光)
4.3 Malus’ Law (马吕斯定律)
Week 8
课时目标：1. Understand the Brewster angle. 2. Understand the mechanism of birefringence. 3. Master the method of plotting wavefront for birefringence. 4. Understand the principle of prism polarizers and wave plate5. Master how to generate the elliptical light
4.4 Brewster Angle (布儒斯特角)
4.5 Birefringence (双折射)
4.6 Uniaxial Crystals (单轴晶体)
4.7 Mechanism of Birefringence (双折射的机制)
4.8 Wavefront in Birefringence (双折射的波面)
4.9 Prism Polarizers (偏振棱镜)
4.10 Retarders/Wave Plates (相位延迟器/波片)
4.11 Generating Elliptic Light (椭圆偏振光的获得)
Week 9
课时目标：1. Master how to analyze different polarizations. 2. Under the principle of polarization interference, master the analysis and calculations. 3. Understand the classical dispersion theory. 4. Understand the absorption, scattering, and dispersion of light.
4.12 Analyzing Polarization (检偏)
4.13 Polarization Interference (偏振光干涉)
4.14 Other Polarizations (其它偏振现象)
5.1 Classical Dispersion Theory (经典色散理论)
5.2 Absorption of Light (光的吸收)
5.3 Scattering of Light (光的散射)
5.4 Dispersion of Light (光的色散)
Week 10
课时目标：1. Understand the phase velocity and group velocity. 2. Understand the phenomena and difficulties in the experiments of blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, and Campton scattering. 3. Master the Einstein’s equation of photoelectric effect and relevant calculations. 4. Understand the photon theory and the wave-particle duality.
5.5 Group Velocity (群速度)
6.1 Rising of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics (相对论和量子力学的兴起)
6.2 Blackbody Radiation (黑体辐射)
6.3 Photoelectric Effect (光电效应)
6.4 Compton Scattering (康普顿散射)
6.5 Photon (光子)
6.6 Concluding Remarks (结束语)
展开全部
预备知识
Advanced mathematics, Mechanics, and Electromagnetism
参考资料
1. Optics, Fifth Edition, Eugene Hecht, Pearson Education Limited, 2017
2. The Feynman lectures on physics, Feynman, Addison Wesley Longman, 1970
3.《光学教程》第六版，姚启钧原著，华师大编写，高等教育出版社，2019
4. 《现代光学基础》，钟锡华编著，北京大学出版社，2012
5. 新概念物理教程《光学》，赵凯华编著，高等教育出版社，2004
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